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شرح معنى " نموذج أوبسالا للتدويل " ( Upssala Model ) | دليل مصطلحات هارفارد بزنس ريفيو
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نموذج أوبسالا للتدويل Upssala Model
1 دقيقة
ما هو نموذج أوبسالا للتدويل؟
نموذج أوبسالا للتدويل ( Uppsala Model ) : يُعنى هذا النموذج بخطوات تطوّر الشركات لتصبح متعددة الجنسيات، وهو نموذج تم اقتراحه من طرف باحثان في جامعة أوبسالا السويدية هما "يوهانسون وفالنو" (Johansson & Vahlne) عام 1977، واستخلص الباحثان أربعة مراحل أساسية تدريجية لتدويل الشركات، بحيث تُستهدف فيها البلدان الأقرب جغرافياً (عادة التي تشاركها الحدود الجغرافيا)، ثم الأقرب فالأقرب من حيث المسافة، ويمكن تلخيص هذه المراحل فيما يلي:
أولا: مرحلة أولى غير منتظمة تُصَدر فيها الشركة لأسواق تظهر فيها فرص تسمح بذلك.
ثانيا: مرحلة ثانية منتظمة من التصدير تتم عن طريق وكيل معتمد.
ثالثا: مرحلة ثالثة تتميز بإنشاء فرع تجاري في البلد المستهدف.
رابعا: مرحلة أخيرة أين تؤسس فيها الشركة فرعاً فاعلاً بصفة دائمة عن طريق إنشاء وحدة إنتاج، ثم يتم التوسع في البلد المستهدف مع زيادة فهم الشركة لعوامل محيطه المحلي.
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الرئيسية
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