تمت عملية الاشتراك بنجاح

إغلاق

عذراً، أنت مشترك مسبقاً بالنشرة البريدية

إغلاق

وفّر 5٪ من خلال الاشتراك السنوي في مجرة واحصل على تصفح لا محدود لأفضل محتوى عربي على الإنترنت.

اشترك الآن

الاستمرار بالحساب الحالي

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نظرية النظم

ما هي نظرية النظم؟

نظرية النظم (Systems Theory): نظرية تصف طبيعة الأنظمة المعقدة في الطبيعة والمجتمع والعلم. طُوّرت بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى على يد عدّة علماء منهم "لودفيج فون بيرتالانفي" (Ludwig von Bertalanffy) و"أناتول رابوبورت" (Anatol Rapoport) و"كينيث إي بولدينج" (Kenneth E. Boulding)، ومن الأمثلة عن نظرية النظم:

  • إن امتلاك كل قطع محرك السيارة على أرضية المرآب لا يعني امتلاك محرك، ولكن في حال جُمعت أجزاء المحرك معاً بالطريقة الصحيحة، سيشكل المُحرك، أي أن تكوين المحرك يحتاج إلى تفاعل الأجزاء.
  • وجود مكونات الفطير لا يكفي لخبزها، إذ يتطلب الأمر دمج المكونات بطريقة معينة.

بصفة عامة، تعتبر نظرية النظم أن لكل نظام حدود زمانية ومكانية، وبيئة يتأثر بها، كما أنه يوصف وفقاً لهيكله وهدفه، كما يعبر عنه من خلال عمله. 

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